The Basic grammer
です and ます
Explanation:
In Japanese, です (Desu) is used as a polite copula to connect the subject to an adjective or noun, creating a polite and affirmative statement. It is an essential part of Japanese grammar to convey information about someone or something politely. The subject + は/が + adjective or noun + です (Desu) is a common sentence structure in Japanese. Proper
Grammar Formation:
です (Desu) is added after an adjective or noun to create a polite sentence in Japanese.
Grammar Rules:
English: です (Desu) is a copula in Japanese, used to create a sentence’s polite form and indicate a statement or a state of being. It is commonly used to link the subject to an adjective, noun, or another sentence element. In the polite form, です (Desu) follows the adjective or noun it connects to. It does not change based on the tense of the sentence.
Hindi: です (Desu) जापानी भाषा में एक कोपुला है, जिसका उपयोग वाक्य के शिष्ट रूप को बनाने और एक कथन या अस्तित्व की स्थिति का संकेत करने के लिए किया जाता है। यह सामान्य रूप में प्रयोग किए जाने पर यह विशेषण, संज्ञा, या दूसरे वाक्यांश को जोड़ने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। शिष्ट रूप में, です (Desu) वह विशेषण या संज्ञा के पीछे आता है, जिससे वह जुड़ता है। यह वाक्य के काल (टेंस) के आधार पर बदलता नहीं है।
Example Sentances:
- 日本語は楽しいです。
Nihongo wa tanoshii desu.
Japanese is enjoyable.
जापानी आनंददायक है। - これはペンです。
Kore wa pen desu.
This is a pen.
यह एक पेन है। - 彼は先生です。
Kare wa sensei desu.
He is a teacher.
वह एक शिक्षक है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, ます (Masu) is a polite verb ending used to form the present/future tense in formal and polite speech. It is extensively used in everyday conversations, written texts, and formal situations. By attaching ます (Masu) to the verb’s stem form, you can express politeness and formality when talking about actions in the present or future. Understanding and using ます (Masu) appropriately are essential for polite and respectful communication in Japanese.
Grammar Formation:
For Group 1 verbs (U-verbs) ending in う (u), つ (tsu), る (ru), く (ku), ぐ (gu), or ぬ (nu), drop the う (u) sound and add ます (Masu).
For Group 2 verbs (Ru-verbs), remove the る (ru) ending and add ます (Masu).
For irregular verbs (Group 3 verbs), replace the dictionary form with their respective ます (Masu) form.
Grammar Rules:
English: ます (Masu) is a polite verb ending in Japanese, used to form the present/future tense of verbs in formal and polite speech. It is commonly used in everyday conversations, written texts, and in formal settings. To attach ます (Masu) to a verb, you usually change the verb’s plain form (dictionary form) to its stem form and then add ます (Masu) at the end.
Hindi: ます (Masu) एक शिष्ट जापानी क्रिया-परिष्कार है, जो वाक्यों के वर्तमान/भविष्य काल को बनाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है। यह रोजमर्रा की बातचीत, लिखित पाठों और शिष्ट स्थितियों में इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। ます (Masu) को एक क्रिया से जोड़ने के लिए, आम तौर पर क्रिया का सामान्य रूप (शब्दकोश रूप) को उसके अव्ययांश रूप में बदलकर उसके अंत में ます (Masu) जोड़ते हैं।
Example Sentances:
- 日本に行きます。
Nihon ni ikimasu.
I will go to Japan.
मैं जापान जाऊंगा। - これを読みます。
Kore o yomimasu.
I will read this.
मैं इसे पढ़ूँगा। - 食べますか？
Tabemasu ka?
Will you eat?
क्या आप खाएंगे?।
これ、それ、あれ
Explanation:
In Japanese, これ (Kore) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “this” or “this one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is close to the speaker. When combined with は (wa) or わ (wa), it becomes the subject of a sentence. これ (Kore) is commonly used in everyday conversations when pointing to or referring to something nearby. Understanding and using これ (Kore) correctly helps in clear communication when referring to objects or items close to the speaker.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun これ (Kore) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “this.”
Grammar Rules:
English: これ (Kore) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “this.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is close to the speaker.
Hindi: これ (Kore) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “यह” का अर्थ करता है। इसका उपयोग उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए किया जाता है जो वक्ता के पास है।
Example Sentances:
- これはペンです。
Kore wa pen desu.
This is a pen.
यह एक पेन है। - これは本ですか？
Kore wa hon desu ka?
Is this a book?
क्या यह एक किताब है? - これは私の車です。
Kore wa watashi no kuruma desu.
This is my car.
यह मेरी कार है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, それ (Sore) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “that” or “that one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker. When combined with は (wa) or わ (wa), it becomes the subject of a sentence. それ (Sore) is commonly used in everyday conversations when pointing to or referring to something close to the listener but not the speaker. Understanding and using それ (Sore) correctly helps in clear communication when referring to objects or items that are closer to the listener.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun それ (Sore) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “that.”
Grammar Rules:
English: それ (Sore) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “that.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker.
Hindi: それ (Sore) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वह” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो श्रोता के पास है लेकिन वक्ता से दूर है।
Example Sentances:
- それは本です。
Sore wa hon desu.
That is a book.
वह एक किताब है। - それは大きいです。
Sore wa ookii desu.
That is big.
वह बड़ा है। - それは何ですか？
Sore wa nan desu ka?
What is that?
वह क्या है?
Explanation:
In Japanese, あれ (Are) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “that” or “that one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is distant from both the speaker and the listener. Unlike これ (Kore) and それ (Sore), あれ (Are) points to something that is far away from both the speaker and the listener.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun あれ (Are) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “that.”
Grammar Rules:
English: あれ (Are) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “that” or “that one.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is distant from both the speaker and the listener.
Hindi: あれ (Are) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वह” या “वह एक” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वक्ता और श्रोता दोनों से दूर है।
Example Sentances:
- あれは車です。
Are wa kuruma desu.
That is a car.
वह एक कार है। - あれは大きいです。
Are wa ookii desu.
That is big.
वह बड़ा है। - あれは何ですか？
Are wa nan desu ka?
What is that?
वह क्या है?
この、その、あの
Explanation:
In Japanese, この (Kono) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “this” or “this one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is close to the speaker. Unlike それ (Sore) and あれ (Are), この (Kono) points to something that is near the speaker.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun この (Kono) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “this.”
Grammar Rules:
English: この (Kono) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “this” or “this one.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is close to the speaker.
Hindi: この (Kono) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “यह” या “यह एक” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वक्ता के पास है।
Example Sentances:
- この本は面白いです。
Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.
This book is interesting.
यह किताब रोचक है। - この部屋は広いです。
Kono heya wa hiroi desu.
This room is spacious.
यह कमरा विशाल है। - このペンは新しいです。
Kono pen wa atarashii desu.
This pen is new.
यह पेन नया है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, その (Sono) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “that” or “that one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker. Unlike これ (Kore) and あれ (Are), その (Sono) points to something that is near the listener.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun その (Sono) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “that.”
Grammar Rules:
English: その (Sono) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “that” or “that one.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker.
Hindi: その (Sono) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वह” या “वह एक” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो श्रोता के पास है लेकिन वक्ता से दूर है।
Example Sentances:
- その本は面白いです。
Sono hon wa omoshiroi desu.
That book is interesting.
वह किताब रोचक है। - その部屋は広いです。
Sono heya wa hiroi desu.
That room is spacious.
वह कमरा विशाल है। - そのペンは新しいです。
Sono pen wa atarashii desu.
That pen is new.
वह पेन नया है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, あの (Ano) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “that” or “that one.” It refers to a specific object or thing that is distant from the speaker but close to the listener. Unlike これ (Kore) and その (Sono), あの (Ano) points to something that is far away from the speaker but near the listener.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun あの (Ano) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “that.”
Grammar Rules:
English: あの (Ano) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “that” or “that one.” It is used to point to or indicate a specific object or thing that is distant from the speaker but close to the listener.
Hindi: あの (Ano) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वह” या “वह एक” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष वस्तु या चीज़ के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वक्ता से दूर है लेकिन श्रोता के पास है।
Example Sentances:
- あの本は面白いです。
Ano hon wa omoshiroi desu.
That book is interesting.
वह किताब रोचक है। - あの部屋は広いです。
Ano heya wa hiroi desu.
That room is spacious.
वह कमरा विशाल है। - あのペンは新しいです。
Ano pen wa atarashii desu.
That pen is new.
वह पेन नया है।
By using あの (Ano) appropriately, you can effectively refer to objects or items that are distant from the speaker but close to the listener in a natural and polite manner.
ここ、そこ、あそこ
Explanation:
In Japanese, ここ (koko) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “here” or “this place.” It refers to a specific location that is close to the speaker. ここ (koko) is used when the speaker wants to draw attention to or specify a location that is near them.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun ここ (koko) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “here.”
By using ここ (koko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location close to you and clarify the place you are referring to in conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: ここ (koko) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “here” or “this place.” It is used to indicate a specific location that is close to the speaker.
Hindi: ここ (koko) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “यहाँ” या “यह स्थान” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष स्थान के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वक्ता के पास है।
Example Sentances:
- ここは私の家です。
Koko wa watashi no ie desu.
This is my house.
यह मेरा घर है। - ここが公園です。
Koko ga kōen desu.
This is the park.
यह पार्क है। - ここに座ってください。
Koko ni suwatte kudasai.
Please sit here.
कृपया यहाँ बैठिए।
Explanation:
In Japanese, そこ (soko) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “there” or “that place.” It refers to a specific location that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker. そこ (soko) is used when the speaker wants to draw attention to or specify a location that is near the listener..
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun そこ (soko) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “there.”
By using そこ (soko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location close to the listener and clarify the place you are referring to in conversations.
Grammar Rules:
そこ (soko) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “there” or “that place.” It is used to indicate a specific location that is close to the listener but distant from the speaker.
Hindi: そこ (soko) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वहाँ” या “वह स्थान” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष स्थान के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो श्रोता के पास है लेकिन वक्ता से दूर है।
Example Sentances:
- そこに本があります。
Soko ni hon ga arimasu.
There is a book there.
वहाँ पर एक किताब है। - そこは公園です。
Soko wa kōen desu.
That place is the park.
वह स्थान पार्क है। - そこで待ってください。
Soko de matte kudasai.
Please wait there.
कृपया वहाँ पर रुकिए।
Explanation:
In Japanese, あそこ (asoko) is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate “over there” or “that place over there.” It refers to a specific location that is distant from both the speaker and the listener. あそこ (asoko) is used when the speaker wants to draw attention to or specify a location that is far away from both the speaker and the listener.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun あそこ (asoko) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “over there.”
By using そこ (soko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location close to the listener and clarify the place you are referring to in conversations.
By using あそこ (asoko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location that is far away from both the speaker and the listener, providing clear directions or referring to distant places in conversations.
Grammar Rules:
あそこ (asoko) is a Japanese demonstrative pronoun that means “over there” or “that place over there.” It is used to indicate a specific location that is distant from both the speaker and the listener.
Hindi: あそこ (asoko) एक जापानी प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम है जो “वहाँ पर” या “वह स्थान वहाँ पर” का अर्थ करता है। यह उस विशेष स्थान के संकेत के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है जो वक्ता और श्रोता दोनों से दूर है।
Example Sentances:
- あそこに人がいます。
Asoko ni hito ga imasu.
There is a person over there.
वहाँ पर एक व्यक्ति है। - あそこはレストランです。
Asoko wa resutoran desu.
That place over there is a restaurant.
वह स्थान वहाँ पर एक रेस्टोरेंट है। - あそこに行きましょう。
Asoko ni ikimashou.
Let’s go over there.
चलो वहाँ पर चलें।
いくつ, さい
Explanation:
In Japanese, いくつ (ikutsu) is an interrogative pronoun used to ask “how many” or “how old.” It is used to inquire about the number of items or the age of a person or thing.
Grammar Formation:
いくつ (ikutsu) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to ask “how many” or “how old.”
By using いくつ (ikutsu) appropriately, you can ask questions about the number of items or the age of people or things, seeking information and clarity in various situations and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: いくつ (ikutsu) is a Japanese interrogative pronoun that means “how many” or “how old.” It is used to ask about the number of items or the age of a person or thing.
Hindi: いくつ (ikutsu) एक जापानी प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम है जो “कितने” या “कितने साल” का अर्थ करता है। इसका प्रयोग वस्तुओं की संख्या या व्यक्ति या वस्तु की आयु पूछने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- りんごはいくつありますか？
Ringo wa ikutsu arimasu ka?
How many apples are there?
सेब कितने हैं? - あなたはいくつですか？
Anata wa ikutsu desu ka?
How old are you?
आप कितने साल के हैं? - 本棚にいくつ本がありますか？
Hondana ni ikutsu hon ga arimasu ka?
How many books are there on the bookshelf?
किताबों की अलमारी पर कितनी किताबें हैं?
Explanation:
In Japanese, 歳 (さい/sai) is a counter used to express age. It is added after a number to indicate someone’s age in years.
Grammar Formation:
いくつ (ikutsu) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to ask “how many” or “how old.”
By using the counter 歳 (さい/sai) correctly, you can convey someone’s age in years accurately in various contexts and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: 歳 (さい/sai) is a Japanese counter used to express age in years.
Hindi: 歳 (さい/sai) एक जापानी काउंटर है जिसका प्रयोग वर्षों में उम्र दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 私は25歳です。
Watashi wa 25-sai desu.
I am 25 years old.
मैं 25 वर्ष का हूँ। - 彼女は30歳になりました。
Kanojo wa 30-sai ni narimashita.
She turned 30 years old.
उसे 30 वर्ष हो गए। - 兄は18歳で兵士になりました。
Ani wa 18-sai de heishi ni narimashita.
My older brother became a soldier at 18 years old.
मेरे बड़े भाई 18 वर्ष के होकर सैनिक बन गए।
だれ、なん/なに、いつ、どこ
Explanation:
In Japanese, だれ (dare) is an interrogative pronoun used to ask “who.” It is used to inquire about the identity of a person or to ask about someone’s name.
Grammar Formation:
だれ (dare) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to ask “who.”
By using だれ (dare) appropriately, you can ask questions about the identity of individuals or inquire about someone’s name, gaining clarity in various situations and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: だれ (dare) is a Japanese interrogative pronoun that means “who.” It is used to ask about the identity of a person or someone’s name.
Hindi: だれ (dare) एक जापानी प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम है जो “कौन” का अर्थ करता है। इसका प्रयोग किसी व्यक्ति की पहचान या किसी का नाम पूछने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- だれが先生ですか？
Dare ga sensei desu ka?
Who is the teacher?
व्याख्याता कौन है? - だれが友達ですか？
Dare ga tomodachi desu ka?
Who is the friend?
मित्र कौन है? - だれが勝ちましたか？
Dare ga kachimashita ka?
Who won?
कौन जीता?
Explanation:
In Japanese, なん (nan) or 何 (nani) are interrogative pronouns used to ask “what.” They are used to inquire about the identity of an object, thing, action, or event.
Grammar Formation:
なん (nan) or 何 (nani) stand alone and do not change based on gender or number. They are used as they are to ask “what.”
By using なん (nan) or 何 (nani) appropriately, you can ask questions about the identity of objects, actions, or events, seeking information and clarity in various situations and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
なん (nan) or 何 (nani) are Japanese interrogative pronouns that mean “what.” They are used to ask about the identity of an object, thing, action, or event.
Hindi: なん (nan) या 何 (nani) एक जापानी प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम हैं जो “क्या” का अर्थ करते हैं। इनका प्रयोग वस्तु, वार्ता, क्रिया, या घटना की पहचान पूछने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- これはなんですか？
Kore wa nan desu ka?
What is this?
यह क्या है? - 何を食べますか？
Nani o tabemasu ka?
What will you eat?
तुम क्या खाओगे? - なんが好きですか？
Nan ga suki desu ka?
What do you like?
आपको क्या पसंद है?
Explanation:
In Japanese, いつ (itsu) is an interrogative pronoun used to ask “when.” It is used to inquire about the time or date of an event, action, or occurrence.
Grammar Formation:
いつ (itsu) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to ask “when.”
By using そこ (soko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location close to the listener and clarify the place you are referring to in conversations.
By using いつ (itsu) appropriately, you can ask questions about the timing or date of events, actions, or occurrences, seeking information and clarity in various situations and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English：いつ (itsu) is a Japanese interrogative pronoun that means “when.” It is used to ask about the time or date of an event, action, or occurrence.
Hindi: いつ (itsu) एक जापानी प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम है जो “कब” का अर्थ करता है। इसका प्रयोग किसी घटना, क्रिया, या घटित होने की वेले या तारीख की पूछने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- いつ学校に行きますか？
Itsu gakkou ni ikimasu ka?
When will you go to school?
आप स्कूल कब जाएंगे? - パーティーはいつ始まりますか？
Paatii wa itsu hajimarimasu ka?
When does the party start?
पार्टी कब शुरू होगी? - いつ帰りますか？
Itsu kaerimasu ka?
When will you return home?
तुम कब घर वापस आओगे?
Explanation:
In Japanese, どこ (doko) is an interrogative pronoun used to ask “where.” It is used to inquire about the location or position of an object, person, or place.
Grammar Formation:
どこ (doko) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to ask “where.”
By using そこ (soko) appropriately, you can effectively indicate a specific location close to the listener and clarify the place you are referring to in conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English：どこ (doko) is a Japanese interrogative pronoun that means “where.” It is used to ask about the location or position of an object, person, or place.
Hindi: どこ (doko) एक जापानी प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम है जो “कहाँ” का अर्थ करता है। इसका प्रयोग किसी वस्तु, व्यक्ति, या स्थान के स्थान या स्थिति की पूछने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 本はどこですか？
Hon wa doko desu ka?
Where is the book?
पुस्तक कहाँ है? - レストランはどこですか？
Resutoran wa doko desu ka?
Where is the restaurant?
रेस्तोरेंट कहाँ है? - 彼はどこに行きましたか？
Kare wa doko ni ikimashita ka?
Where did he go?
वह कहाँ गया?
の, と, でも, て, で、も、もう、よ、より
Explanation:
In Japanese, の (no) is a particle that functions as a possessive marker. It is used to indicate possession or association between two nouns. When の (no) is placed between two nouns, the first noun modifies the second noun, indicating that the first noun possesses or is associated with the second noun.
Grammar Formation:
To use の (no) as a possessive marker, place it between the two nouns. The first noun acts as a modifier, indicating possession or association with the second noun.
Grammar Rules:
English: の (no) is a Japanese particle that serves as a possessive marker to indicate possession or association between two nouns.
Hindi: जापानी में, の (no) एक पार्टिकल है जो दो संज्ञाओं के बीच संपत्ति या संबंध को दर्शाने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।
- Using の (no) correctly allows you to indicate possession or association between two nouns, providing clarity in expressing relationships in sentences.
Example Sentances:
- 私の本
Watashi no hon
My book
मेरी किताब - 田中さんの車
Tanaka-san no kuruma
Tanaka’s car
तनाका की कार - 子供のおもちゃ
Kodomo no omocha
Children’s toys
बच्चों के खिलौने
Explanation:
In Japanese, と (to) is a versatile particle that has multiple meanings depending on its context. Some of its common usages include:
Grammar Formation:
The particle と (to) is added after a noun, verb, or quotation to convey its meaning depending on the context.
Grammar Rules:
English: と (to) is a Japanese particle that can mean “with,” “and,” “if,” “when,” or serve as a quotation marker, depending on its context.
Hindi: तो (to) एक जापानी पार्टिकल है जो अपने संदर्भ पर “साथ में”, “और”, “अगर”, “जब” या “उद्धरण मार्कर” के अर्थ में प्रयोग हो सकता है।
- By understanding the various usages of と (to), you can use this versatile particle effectively to *express different meanings and contexts in your conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 友達と映画を見に行きます。
Tomodachi to eiga o mi ni ikimasu.
I will go to see a movie with my friend.
मैं दोस्त के साथ फिल्म देखने जाऊँगा। - りんごとオレンジとバナナを買いました。
Ringo to orenji to banana o kaimashita.
I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
मैंने सेब, संतरे और केले खरीदे। - 彼は「こんにちは」と言いました。
Kare wa “konnichiwa” to iimashita.
He said, “Hello.”
उसने “नमस्ते” कहा।
Explanation:
In Japanese, でも (demo) is a conjunction that is used to mean “but” or “however.” It is used to express contrast or opposition between two statements or ideas.
Grammar Formation:
The pronoun そこ (soko) stands alone and does not change based on gender or number. It is used as it is to indicate “there.”
By using でも (demo) appropriately, you can effectively express contrast or opposition between ideas or statements, providing nuance and depth to your conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: でも (demo) is a Japanese conjunction that means “but” or “however.” It is used to show contrast or opposition between two statements or ideas.
Hindi: でも (demo) एक जापानी संयोजक है जो “लेकिन” या “हालांकि” का अर्थ करता है। इसका प्रयोग दो वक्तव्य या विचारों के बीच विपरीतता या विरोध का व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 私は忙しいですが、映画を見に行きたいです。
Watashi wa isogashii desu ga, eiga o mi ni ikitai desu.
I am busy, but I want to go see a movie.
मैं व्यस्त हूँ, लेकिन मैं एक फिल्म देखने जाना चाहता हूँ। - 今日は天気が悪いです。でも、散歩に行きます。
Kyou wa tenki ga warui desu. Demo, sanpo ni ikimasu.
The weather is bad today. However, I will go for a walk.
आज मौसम खराब है। हालांकि, मैं सैर के लिए जाऊँगा। - 彼は英語が苦手ですが、頑張って勉強しています。
Kare wa Eigo ga nigate desu ga, ganbatte benkyou shiteimasu.
He is not good at English, but he is working hard to study.
उसे अंग्रेजी में अच्छी काबिलियत नहीं है, लेकिन वह मेहनत करके पढ़ाई कर रहा है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, て (te) is a verb ending used to connect multiple verbs or actions in a sentence. It serves as a versatile linking particle that creates verb conjugations and joins various verb forms to convey different meanings and actions.
Grammar Formation:
To use て (te) to connect verbs, take the verb stem of the verb and add て (te) to it. For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) in its stem form “食べ” (tabe) becomes “食べて” (tabete – eat and…).
Using て (te) helps to create compound verbs or actions by connecting them, allowing for more complex and diverse expressions in Japanese sentences. It plays a crucial role in sentence structure and enables the formation of various verb conjugations.
Grammar Rules:
English: て (te) is a Japanese verb ending used to connect multiple verbs or actions in a sentence.
Hindi: ते (te) एक जापानी क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग एक वाक्य में कई क्रियाएं या कार्यों को जोड़ने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 食べて飲む。
Tabete nomu.
Eat and drink.
खाओ और पिएँ। - 走って遊ぶ。
Hashitte asobu.
Run and play.
दौड़ो और खेलो। - 聞いて話す。
Kiite hanasu.
Listen and talk/speak.
सुनो और बात करो।
Explanation:
In Japanese, で (de) is a versatile particle used to indicate the method, means, or location of an action. It has several different uses and can be combined with various verb forms and nouns to convey different meanings.
Grammar Formation:
- To indicate the method or means of doing an action, attach で (de) to the verb stem. For example, the verb “行く” (iku – to go) in its stem form “行き” (iki) becomes “行きで” (ikide – by going).
- To indicate the location where an action takes place, attach で (de) to the location noun. For example, “学校” (gakkou – school) becomes “学校で” (gakkou de – at school).
Using で (de) helps to provide essential information about the method or location of an action, making your sentences more precise and informative in various situations and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: で (de) is a Japanese particle used to indicate the method, means, or location of an action.
Hindi: दे (de) एक जापानी पार्टिकल है जिसका प्रयोग किसी क्रिया के तरीके, साधन या स्थान का संकेत देने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 車で出かける。
Kuruma de dekakeru.
Go out by car.
कार में निकलना। - レストランで食べる。
Resutoran de taberu.
Eat at the restaurant.
रेस्तरां में खाना खाओ।
Explanation:
In Japanese, も (mo) is a particle used to indicate “also” or “too” in a sentence. It is used to include additional items or people in a statement, indicating that the same action or situation applies to them as well.
Grammar Formation:
To use も (mo) to indicate “also” or “too,” attach it after the subject or the item you want to include. For example, “私” (watashi – I) becomes “私も” (watashi mo – I also).
Using も (mo) allows you to include additional items or people in a statement, emphasizing that the action or situation applies to them as well. It helps in adding inclusivity and variety to your sentences and conversations.
Grammar Rules:
English: も (mo) is a Japanese particle used to indicate “also” or “too.”
Hindi: मो (mo) एक जापानी पार्टिकल है जिसका प्रयोग “भी” या “भी साथ में” का संकेत देने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- 彼も行く。
Kare mo iku.
He is going too.
वह भी जा रहा है। - 私も食べる。
Watashi mo taberu.
I will eat too.
मैं भी खाऊँगा। - 友達も参加する。
Tomodachi mo sanka suru.
Friends will also participate.
दोस्त भी भाग लेंगे।
Explanation:
In Japanese, もう (mou) is an adverb that can have various meanings depending on the context. Some common translations include “already,” “anymore,” “soon,” and “more.” The meaning of もう (mou) is determined by the surrounding words and the overall context of the sentence.
Grammar Formation:
もう (mou) is used as a standalone adverb and does not require any specific formation.
Grammar Rules:
English: もう (mou) is a Japanese adverb with various meanings, including “already,” “anymore,” “soon,” and “more.”
Hindi: मोउ (mou) एक जापानी क्रियाविशेषक है जिसका अर्थ वाक्य के प्रसंग और आस-पास के शब्दों पर निर्भर करता है। इसके कुछ सामान्य अनुवाद में “पहले से ही,” “और नहीं,” “जल्दी,” और “और” शामिल हो सकते हैं।
- Using もう (mou) adds various nuances to your sentences, depending on the context. It is a versatile adverb that can express different meanings, making it an essential word in daily conversations.
Example Sentances:
- もう帰ります。
Mou kaerimasu.
I’m already going home.
मैं पहले से ही घर जा रहा हूँ। - もうこれ以上いりません。
Mou kore ijou irimasen.
I don’t need any more of this.
मुझे इससे और नहीं चाहिए। - もうすぐ電車が来ます。
Mou sugu densha ga kimasu.
The train will arrive soon.
ट्रेन जल्दी ही आने वाली है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, より (yori) is a particle used to indicate comparison or preference. It is often used to express “than” when comparing two items or to state a preference for one thing over another.
Grammar Formation:
To indicate comparison, place より (yori) after the item being compared. For example, “りんご” (ringo – apple) becomes “りんごより” (ringo yori – than apples).
Using より (yori) helps in expressing comparisons or preferences in a clear and concise manner, making your statements more specific and informative in various conversations and situations.
Grammar Rules:
English: より (yori) is a Japanese particle used to indicate comparison or preference.
Hindi: योरी (yori) एक जापानी पार्टिकल है जिसका प्रयोग तुलना या पसंद का संकेत देने के लिए किया जाता है।
Example Sentances:
- りんごよりバナナが好きです。
Ringo yori banana ga suki desu.
I like bananas more than apples.
मैं सेब से ज़्यादा केले पसंद करता हूँ। - 彼より私の方が背が高い。
Kare yori watashi no hou ga se ga takai.
I am taller than him.
मैं उससे ज़्यादा लम्बा हूँ। - この映画はあの映画より面白かったです。
Kono eiga wa ano eiga yori omoshirokatta desu.
This movie was more interesting than that movie.
यह फ़िल्म उस फ़िल्म से ज़्यादा दिलचस्प थी।
ましょう, ませんか, ましょうか
Explanation:
In Japanese, ましょう (mashou) is a verb ending used to express suggestions, invitations, or proposals. It is a polite and friendly way to make a suggestion or extend an invitation to someone to do something together.
Grammar Formation:
To express a suggestion or invitation using ましょう (mashou), replace the last syllable of the dictionary form of the verb with ましょう (mashou).
Grammar Rules:
English: ましょう (mashou) is a Japanese verb ending used to express suggestions, invitations, or proposals in a polite and friendly manner.
Hindi: ましょう (mashou) एक जापानी क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग विनम्र और मित्रवत रुप से सुझाव देने, निमंत्रण देने या प्रस्ताव रखने के लिए किया जाता है।
- By using ましょう (mashou) appropriately, you can make polite and friendly suggestions or invitations, making your interactions with others more pleasant and engaging.
Example Sentances:
- 食べる → 食べましょう。
Taberu → Tabemashou.
Let’s eat (together).
खाएँ → खाने चलें। - 行く → 行きましょう。
Iku → Ikimashou.
Let’s go (together).
जाएँ → चलें। - 見る → 見ましょう。
Miru → Mimashou.
Let’s watch (together).
देखें → देखें।
Explanation:
In Japanese, ませんか (masen ka) is a polite question-ending used to make polite invitations or suggestions. It is used to invite or suggest an action to someone in a friendly and respectful manner.
Grammar Formation:
To make a polite invitation or suggestion using ませんか (masen ka), add it to the negative form of the verb. For example, to invite someone to eat, change the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) to its negative form “食べません” (tabemasen – do not eat) and then add か (ka) at the end, making it “食べませんか” (tabemasen ka – won’t you eat?).
Grammar Rules:
English: ませんか (masen ka) is a Japanese question-ending used to make polite invitations or suggestions in a friendly and respectful manner.
Hindi: ませんか (masen ka) एक जापानी प्रश्न-समाप्ति है जिसका प्रयोग मित्रवत और आदरपूर्वक ढंग से सुझाव देने या निमंत्रण देने के लिए किया जाता है।
- By using ませんか (masen ka) appropriately, you can extend polite and friendly invitations or suggestions to others, creating a warm and considerate atmosphere in your interactions.
Example Sentances:
- 食べませんか？
Tabemasen ka?
Won’t you eat?
आप खाएँगे क्या? - 一緒に映画を見ませんか？
Issho ni eiga o mimasen ka?
Won’t you watch a movie together?
आप मिलकर फिल्म देखेंगे क्या? - お茶を飲みませんか？
Ocha o nomimasen ka?
Won’t you have some tea?
आप चाय पीएंगे क्या?
Explanation:
In Japanese, ましょうか (mashou ka) is a polite question-ending used to make suggestions or proposals in a friendly and respectful manner. It is a combination of the verb ending ましょう (mashou), which expresses a suggestion, and the question-ending か (ka), which turns the sentence into a question.
Grammar Formation:
TTo make a polite suggestion using ましょうか (mashou ka), add it to the verb ending ましょう (mashou), which expresses a suggestion. For example, to suggest eating together, use the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) and change it to its suggestion form “食べましょう” (tabemashou – let’s eat) and then add か (ka) at the end, making it “食べましょうか” (tabemashou ka – shall we eat?).
Grammar Rules:
English: ましょうか (mashou ka) is a Japanese question-ending used to make polite suggestions or proposals in a friendly and respectful manner.
Hindi: ましょうか (mashou ka) एक जापानी प्रश्न-समाप्ति है जिसका प्रयोग मित्रवत और आदरपूर्वक ढंग से सुझाव या प्रस्ताव देने के लिए किया जाता है। यह एक सुझाव व्यक्त करने वाले ましょう (mashou) और प्रश्न-समाप्ति か (ka) का संयोजन है।
- By using ましょうか (mashou ka) appropriately, you can make polite and friendly suggestions or proposals, inviting others to join you in various activities and creating a positive and inviting atmosphere in your interactions.
Example Sentances:
- 食べましょうか？
Tabemashou ka?
Shall we eat?
क्या हम खाएँ? - 一緒に映画を見ましょうか？
Issho ni eiga o mimashou ka?
Shall we watch a movie together?
क्या हम मिलकर फिल्म देखें? - お茶を飲みましょうか？
Ocha o nomimashou ka?
Shall we have some tea?
क्या हम कुछ चाय पीएं?
ない, なくてもいい, なくてはいけない, た, たい, たくない, から、まで
Explanation:
In Japanese, ない (nai) is a negative verb ending used to express the negation of an action or state. When attached to the dictionary form of a verb, it transforms the verb into its negative form, indicating that the action or state is not happening or does not exist.
Grammar Formation:
To create the negative form of a verb, simply remove the final ます (masu) ending from the verb stem and replace it with ない (nai). For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) becomes “食べない” (tabenai – not eat).
Grammar Rules:
English: ない (nai) is a Japanese negative verb ending used to express the negation of an action or state.
Hindi: नाई (nai) एक जापानी नकारात्मक क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग किसी क्रिया या स्थिति के नकारात्मकरण के लिए किया जाता है।
- The use of ない (nai) is essential in Japanese for expressing negation, allowing you to communicate that an action is not taking place or that something does not exist.
Example Sentances:
- 食べない。
Tabenai.
(I) don’t eat.
(मैं) नहीं खाता। - 見ないでください。
Minaide kudasai.
Please don’t look.
कृपया ना देखें। - 聞かなかった。
Kikanakatta.
(I) didn’t ask.
(मैंने) पूछा नहीं।
Explanation:
In Japanese, なくてもいい (nakutemo ii) is a phrase used to express “it’s okay not to” or “you don’t have to.” It indicates that something is not necessary or that an action is not required.
Grammar Formation:
To express “it’s okay not to” using なくてもいい (nakutemo ii), attach it to the verb stem of a verb in its negative form. For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) in its negative form “食べない” (tabenai – not eat) becomes “食べなくてもいい” (tabenakutemo ii – it’s okay not to eat).
Grammar Rules:
English: なくてもいい (nakutemo ii) is a Japanese phrase used to express “it’s okay not to” or “you don’t have to.”
Hindi: नाकुतेमो ईई (nakutemo ii) एक जापानी वाक्यांश है जिसका प्रयोग “यह ठीक है न करने के लिए” या “तुम्हें करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है” का व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
- By using なくてもいい (nakutemo ii), you can express that certain actions or requirements are not necessary, providing flexibility and understanding in various situations and conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 食べなくてもいいです。
Tabenakutemo ii desu.
It’s okay not to eat.
खाने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। - 忙しくても、参加しなくてもいいですよ。
Isogashikute mo, sanka shinakutemo ii desu yo.
Even if you’re busy, you don’t have to participate, you know.
आप व्यस्त हो भी, आपको भाग लेने की आवश्यकता नहीं है, आपको पता है। - 旅行に行かなくてもいいですか？
Ryokou ni ikanakutemo ii desu ka?
Is it okay not to go on the trip?
क्या यात्रा पर न जाने की आवश्यकता नहीं है?
Explanation:
In Japanese, なくてはいけない (nakutewa ikenai) is a phrase used to express “must” or “have to.” It indicates that something is necessary or required to be done.
Grammar Formation:
To express “must” or “have to” using なくてはいけない (nakutewa ikenai), attach it to the verb stem of a verb in its negative form. For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) in its negative form “食べない” (tabenai – not eat) becomes “食べなくてはいけない” (tabenakutewa ikenai – must eat).
Grammar Rules:
English: なくてはいけない (nakutewa ikenai) is a Japanese phrase used to express “must” or “have to.”
Hindi: नाकुते वा इकेनाई (nakutewa ikenai) एक जापानी वाक्यांश है जिसका प्रयोग “करना जरूरी है” या “करना आवश्यक है” का व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
- By using なくてはいけない (nakutewa ikenai), you can express the necessity or obligation to perform certain actions, conveying a sense of responsibility and importance in various situations and conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 宿題をしなくてはいけない。
Shukudai o shinakute wa ikenai.
I must do my homework.
मुझे अपने होमवर्क करना जरूरी है। - 間に合わせるために早く出発しなくてはいけない。
Ma ni awaseru tame ni hayaku shuppatsu shinakute wa ikenai.
I have to leave early to make it in time.
मुझे समय पर पहुंचने के लिए जल्दी निकलना जरूरी है। - 言葉で感謝することは大切です。感謝を伝えなくてはいけない。
Kotoba de kansha suru koto wa taisetsu desu. Kansha o tsutaenakute wa ikenai.
Expressing gratitude in words is important. You must convey your thanks.
शब्दों में आभार व्यक्त करना महत्वपूर्ण है। आपको धन्यवाद पहुंचाना आवश्यक है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, た (ta) is a past tense verb ending used to indicate that an action or event has already occurred in the past. When attached to the dictionary form of a verb, it transforms the verb into its past tense form.
Grammar Formation:
To create the past tense of a verb using た (ta), remove the final ます (masu) ending from the verb stem and replace it with た (ta). For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) becomes “食べた” (tabeta – ate).
Grammar Rules:
English: た (ta) is a Japanese past tense verb ending used to indicate that an action or event has already happened in the past.
Hindi: ता (ta) एक जापानी भूतकाल क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग किया जाता है जब किसी क्रिया या घटना भूतकाल में हो चुकी होती है।
- Using た (ta) helps in clearly indicating that an action or event has already taken place in the past, adding a temporal dimension to your statements and conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 食べた。
Tabeta.
(I) ate.
(मैंने) खाया। - 見た。
Mita.
(I) saw.
(मैंने) देखा। - 聞いた。
Kiita.
(I) listened/heard.
(मैंने) सुना।
Explanation:
In Japanese, たい (tai) is a verb ending used to express the desire or want to do something. When attached to the stem of a verb, it transforms the verb into its “want to do” form, indicating that the speaker desires to perform the action expressed by the verb.
Grammar Formation:
To express the desire to do something using たい (tai), attach it to the verb stem of a verb. For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) becomes “食べたい” (tabetai – want to eat).
Grammar Rules:
English: たい (tai) is a Japanese verb ending used to express the desire or want to do something.
Hindi: ताई (tai) एक जापानी क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग किसी क्रिया करने की इच्छा व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
- Using たい (tai) allows you to express your desires or wants for specific actions, conveying your preferences and wishes in conversations and interactions with others.
Example Sentances:
- 食べたい。
Tabetai.
(I) want to eat.
(मुझे) खाना है। - 行きたい。
Ikitai.
(I) want to go.
(मुझे) जाना है। - 見たい。
Mitai.
(I) want to see.
(मुझे) देखना है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, たくない (takunai) is a verb ending used to express the negative form of the desire or want to do something. When attached to the stem of a verb, it transforms the verb into its “do not want to do” form, indicating that the speaker does not desire or want to perform the action expressed by the verb.
Grammar Formation:
To express the negative desire to do something using たくない (takunai), attach it to the verb stem of a verb. For example, the verb “食べる” (taberu – to eat) becomes “食べたくない” (tabetakunai – do not want to eat).
Grammar Rules:
English: たくない (takunai) is a Japanese verb ending used to express the negative form of the desire or want to do something.
Hindi: ताकुनाई (takunai) एक जापानी क्रिया अंत है जिसका प्रयोग किसी क्रिया करने की नकारात्मक इच्छा व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
- Using たくない (takunai) allows you to express your lack of desire or unwillingness to perform certain actions, providing a straightforward way to convey your preferences and feelings in various situations and conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 食べたくない。
Tabetakunai.
(I) do not want to eat.
(मुझे) खाना नहीं है। - 行きたくない。
Ikitakunai.
(I) do not want to go.
(मुझे) जाने की इच्छा नहीं है। - 見たくない。
Mitakunai.
(I) do not want to see.
(मुझे) देखने की इच्छा नहीं है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, から (kara) and まで (made) are used together to express a range or duration. The combination of から (kara) and まで (made) translates to “from…to” or “between…and” in English. It is used to describe a span of time, a range of numbers, or a period between two events.
Grammar Formation:
To express a range using から (kara) and まで (made), place the starting point or time expression followed by から (kara) and then the ending point or time expression followed by まで (made).
Grammar Rules:
English: The combination of から (kara) and まで (made) in Japanese translates to “from…to” or “between…and” in English, indicating a range or duration.
Hindi: जापानी में, から (kara) और まで (made) को साथ में प्रयोग करके एक सीमा या अवधि को व्यक्त किया जाता है। यह “से … तक” या “बीच … और” के अर्थ में होता है।
- By using から (kara) and まで (made) together, you can effectively express a range or duration, providing clarity in describing time spans or numerical intervals in various situations and conversations.
Example Sentances:
- 月曜日から金曜日まで働きます。
Getsuyoubi kara kinyoubi made hatarakimasu.
I work from Monday to Friday.
मैं सोमवार से शुक्रवार तक काम करता हूँ। - 9時から11時まで会議があります。
Kuji kara juuichiji made kaigi ga arimasu.
There is a meeting from 9 to 11 o’clock.
9 बजे से 11 बजे तक एक मीटिंग होगी। - 10歳から20歳までの学生たち。
Juusai kara nijussai made no gakusei-tachi.
Students aged 10 to 20 years old.
10 से 20 साल के विद्यार्थियों का समूह।
い形容詞 と な形容詞
Explanation:
In Japanese, い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) are adjectives that end in い (i) and are used to describe nouns. These adjectives play an essential role in expressing qualities or attributes of objects, people, or situations. い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) are an integral part of Japanese language and allow speakers to add various descriptions to their speech.
Grammar Formation:
Tい形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) are formed by adding い (i) to the stem of the adjective. The resulting adjective is then directly attached to the noun it describes.
Grammar Rules:
English: い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) are adjectives in Japanese that end in い (i) and are used to describe nouns.
Hindi: い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) जापानी में विशेषण हैं जो い (i) से समाप्त होते हैं और संज्ञा का वर्णन करने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं।
- By using い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi) appropriately, you can vividly describe various nouns and express different qualities in your conversations.
Example Sentances:
- この車は速いです。
Kono kuruma wa hayai desu.
This car is fast. यह कार तेज़ है। - あの山は高いです。
Ano yama wa takai desu.
That mountain is tall.
वह पहाड़ ऊँचा है। - 彼女は美しいです。
Kanojo wa utsukushii desu.
She is beautiful.
वह सुंदर है।
Explanation:
In Japanese, な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) are adjectives that end in な (na) and are used to describe nouns. These adjectives play a crucial role in expressing qualities or attributes of objects, people, or situations. Unlike い形容詞 (i-keiyoushi), な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) require the particle な (na) to connect them to the noun they describe.
Grammar Formation:
TTo use な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) with nouns, you need to add な (na) between the adjective and the noun it describes.
Grammar Rules:
English: な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) are adjectives in Japanese that end in な (na) and are used to describe nouns.
Hindi: な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) जापानी में विशेषण हैं जो な (na) से समाप्त होते हैं और संज्ञा का वर्णन करने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं।
- By using な形容詞 (na-keiyoushi) appropriately, you can describe various nouns and express different qualities in your conversations while following the proper grammar structure..
Example Sentances:
- この本は面白なです。
Kono hon wa omoshiro na desu.
This book is interesting.
यह किताब रोचक है। - あの人は親切なです。
Ano hito wa shinsetsu na desu.
That person is kind.
वह व्यक्ति दयालु है।